Sunday, November 29, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 29 November 2020

Lok Virasat festival.

Films Division (FD) is organising Lok Virasat, a festival of films on folk art and painting starting from November 27, 2020.

About:

It is an exclusive bouquet of documentary films on folk art and paintings - Lok Virasat - is being showcased, between November 27–29, 2020 on FD website and You Tube channel.

The films being streamed include:

• The Kingdom of God, on the great Indian heritage of art and culture with focus on various folk-art traditions,

• Bhavai - Fading Memories, a film on Bhavai - a folk art of Gujarat,

• Naman – Khele, a film on the ancient folk art performed in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,

• Sahi Jata, The Fusion Cult, a film on the unique fusion of muscle and music in the form of folk art on the back-drop of the ancient Orissa town of Puri and

• Therukoothu: Dancing forLife, a film depicting the age old Tamil folk art.

Several verdicts raise concerns of judicial overreach.

Vice President said the Supreme Court and high courts had delivered several far-reaching verdicts in furtherance of socio-economic objectives besides making correctional interventions but concerns were raised whether orders on Diwali fireworks, monitoring of investigations and making judicial appointments their preserve meant an intrusion into the domains of the legislature and the executive.

About:

Speaking at the 80th All India Presiding Officers’ Conference in Kevadia, he told there had been debates whether some issues should have been more legitimately left to the other organs of governance.

Deepavali fireworks, cess on registration and movement of vehicles from NCR through Delhi,

Banning use of vehicles of certain make after 10 or 15 years, monitoring police investigations,

Denying the executive any role in the appointment of judges by instituting collegium, invalidating the National Judicial Accountability Commission Act seeking to ensure transparency and accountability are being cited as instances of judicial overreach.

He said the legislature, the executive and the judiciary were bound to work within their respective domains as defined in the Constitution. “This warrants a spirit of mutual respect, responsibility and restraint. Unfortunately, there have been several instances of crossing the boundaries,” he added.

Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)

Recently, Rajasthan government has planned two special investment regions along the

Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) to Generate Developmental opportunities for the State.

Highlights:

• The Government of India is developing various Industrial Corridor Projects as part of the

National Industrial Corridor programme which is aimed at development of futuristic industrial cities in India which can compete with the best manufacturing and investment destinations in the world.

• The same will create employment opportunities and economic growth leading to overall socio-economic development.

 • National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust (NICDIT) is under the administrative control of Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

(DPIIT) for coordinated and unified development of all the industrial corridors which are at various stages of development and implementation.

About DMIC:

• It is the first Industrial Corridor project which was announced. DMIC Development Corporation (DMICDC) incorporated in 2008, is the implementing agency for the project.

• DMICDC has been registered as a company with 49% equity of Government of India, 26% equity of the JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation) and the remaining held by government financial institutions.

• It aims to create smart, sustainable industrial cities by leveraging high speed, high capacity connectivity backbone provided by the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to reduce logistic costs in an enabling policy framework.

• These new cities will come up in the States of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

• The 1,504 kms long Western DFC is from J N Port in Mumbai, Maharashtra to Dadri in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

• The DFC project is one of the Indian Railways’ largest infrastructure projects, undertaken by the government at a cost Rs. 81,459 crore. This is the first time that India has embarked on the process of planned urbanisation with manufacturing as the key economic driver.

• Its vision is to create a strong economic base with a globally competitive environment and state of the art infrastructure to activate local commerce, enhance foreign investments and attain sustainable development.

 UN at launch of hygiene fund

The United Nations earlier this month launched the Sanitation and Hygiene Fund to provide accelerated funding to countries with the heaviest burden of diseases stemming from lack of sanitation services and have the least ability to respond to them.

It also aims to raise $2 billion over the next five years for these countries.

The fund is hosted by the UN Office for Project Services, which provides technical advice and project implementation to the UN and its partners.

The objectives of the Fund are:

Expanding household sanitation

Ensuring menstrual health and hygiene

Providing sanitation and hygiene in schools and healthcare facilities

Supporting innovative sanitation solutions.

SITMEX– 20.

The second edition of the India, Thailand and Singapore trilateral naval exercise SITMEX-20 has recently concluded in the Andaman Sea.

Highlights:

• The Prime Minister of India, during his keynote address at Shangri-La Dialogue in June 2018 announced the conduct of a trilateral naval exercise between India, Singapore and Thailand.

• The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) Shangri-La Dialogue is Asia’s premier defence summit. It was launched in 2002.

• The first edition of SITMEX is hosted by Indian Navy, was conducted off Port Blair in

September 2019. SITMEX is conducted annually.

 • It aims to series of exercises are conducted to enhance mutual interoperability and imbibing best practices between Indian Navy, Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and Royal Thai Navy (RTN).

• It also aims to strengthen mutual confidence and develop common understanding and procedures towards enhancing the overall maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region.

• It is in line with India’s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision.

• The 2020 edition of the exercise is being hosted by RSN (Singapore).

• The Indian Navy deployed indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare corvette INS Kamorta and missile corvette INS Karmuk for the exercise.

• Other Military Exercises between India and Thailand:

• MAITREE (Army)

• SIAM BHARAT (Air Force)

• Indo-Thai CORPAT (Navy), which was conducted recently.

• Other Military Exercises between India and Singapore are Bold Kurukshetra (Army), Joint

Military Training (Air Force) and SIMBEX (Navy)

National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF).

NIIF is a fund created by the Government of India for enhancing infrastructure financing in the country.

This is different from the National Investment Fund.

NIIF was proposed to be set up as a Trust, to raise debt to invest in the equity of infrastructure finance companies such as Indian Rail Finance Corporation (IRFC) and National Housing Bank (NHB). The idea is that these infrastructure finance companies can then leverage this extra equity, manifold. In that sense, NIIF is a banker of the banker of the banker.

 NIIF is envisaged as a fund of funds with the ability to make direct investments as required. As a fund of fund it may invest in other SEBI registered funds.

Its creation was announced in the Union Budget 2015-16. The operational framework was approved on 20 August 2015.NIIF got registered with SEBI as Category II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) on December 28, 2015. A website was created on 8 June 2016.Mr. Sujoy Bose, Director and Global Co-Head, Infrastructure and Natural Resources, International Finance Corporation(IFC), Washington DC, was appointed as the first Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NIIF Ltd on 27 June 2016.

Financial Times (London) had adjudged NIIF as the Most Innovative structure in Asia Pacific under Finance category.

Objective

The objective of NIIF would be to maximize economic impact mainly through infrastructure development in commercially viable projects, both greenfield and brownfield, including stalled projects.

It could also consider other nationally important projects, for example, in manufacturing, if commercially viable.

Functions:

• Fund raising through suitable instruments including off-shore credit enhanced bonds, and attracting anchor investors to participate as partners in NIIF;

Servicing of the investors of NIIF.

• Considering and approving candidate companies/institutions/ projects (including state entities) for investments and periodic monitoring of investments.

Investing in the corpus created by Asset Management Companies (AMCs) for investing in private equity.

 • Preparing a shelf of infrastructure projects and providing advisory services.

• NIIF provides equity / quasi-equity support to those Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)/Financial Institutions (FIs) that are engaged mainly in infrastructure financing. These institutions will be able to leverage this equity support and provide debt to the projects selected.

• Invest in funds engaged mainly in infrastructure sectors and managed by Asset Management Companies (AMCs) for equity / quasi-equity funding of listed / unlisted companies. provides Equity/ quasi-equity support / debt to projects, to commercially viable projects, both greenfield and brownfield, including stalled projects.

Bioluminescence.

Recently, blue tide was spotted along Maharashtra's shoreline which was produced due to fluorescent blue huefrom the process called bioluminescence.

Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.

Blue light was characterised by the emission of light produced by phytoplanktons (microscopic marine plants), commonly known as dino flagellates.

The light is produced through a series of chemical reactions due to luciferase (oxidative enzymes) protein.

Parliamentary Panel Finds India's Response to Pandemic Ineffective

For the first time, a report was released by any parliamentary committee on the government’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• The report was named ‘The Outbreak of Pandemic COVID-19 And its Management’ by a

Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health.

Highlights:

• Causes for the spike in COVID cases in India:

 • Low testing and shoddy contact tracing were responsible for the spike in cases.

• Too Many Guidelines

• The plethora of guidelines issued by the Health Ministry caused confusion and chaos.

• Many of these guidelines were contradictory and different quarantine rules imposed by the

State governments added to the panic.

• Absence of specific guidelines for the treatment resulted in private hospitals charging exorbitant fees.

• The number of government hospital beds in the country were not adequate to handle the increasing number of COVID and non-COVID patients.

Recommendations:

• The report recommends the government has to increase its investments in the public healthcare system.

• Make consistent efforts to achieve the National Health Policy targets of expenditure up to 2.5% of GDP within two years.

• Healthcare spending in the country with a population of 1.3 billion is abysmally low.

• Health Ministry should engage with agencies and actively participate in ongoing international treaties.

• Conduct more research and work towards training and capacity building for management of public health emergencies arising from use of bio-weapons.

• The government needs to be considerate and support the private health care sector.

• The healthcare workers who have laid down their lives, must be acknowledged as martyrs and their families be Adequately Compensated.

Concerns:

 • Strategic partnerships: The adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic have taught the lesson on the importance of controlling biological agents and the need for strategic partnerships among different nations for bio-terrorism.

• Healthcare should never be limited to only those who can afford to pay but should move towards the noble Vision of Universal Health Coverage.

Basis of the Report:

• It is based on the deliberations that the committee had with the Department of Health and

Family Welfare which submitted an action plan to ensure security against biological weapons.

These Include:

Strengthening disease surveillance, including at animal-human interface, training and capacity building for management of public health emergencies arising from use of bio-weapons and

Strengthening research and surveillance activities related to development of diagnostics, vaccines and drugs.

• Bioterrorism: A planned and deliberate use of pathogenic strains of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or their toxins to spread life-threatening diseases on a mass scale in order to devastate the population of an area.

Chairman of International Cricket Council.

New Zealand's Greg Barclay has been elected as the new independent chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

The head of the New Zealand Cricket team, NZC, Barclay beat Imran Khwaja in the second round of voting. Imran was interim chairman after Shashank Manohar stepped down from the post in July this year.

 In the first round of voting last week, Barclay had 10 votes to Khwaja's six, and needed 11 votes for a two-thirds majority of the 16-person ICC Board.

That vote arrived from Cricket South Africa in a second round of voting. Barclay is the second independent chairman of the world body, after Shashank Manohar of India.

About him:

A commercial lawyer by trade, Barclay has served as a director of NZC since 2012.

He was a director of 2015 Men's World Cup, held in Australia and New Zealand.

He is also an experienced company director holding board positions with various New Zealand and Australian companies.

Focus on mains:

Conspiracy Over Interfaith Marriages.

Context:

• Despite several laws, the social stigma for interfaith marriages still exists in the Indian Society.

Issue:

• Recently, several state governments have shown concerns about enacting proper laws to stop marriages which they refer to as ‘Love Jihad’.

• However, contemplating laws over interfaith marriage directly violates several rights of people such as right to freedom, personal liberty and right to life.

What are Interfaith Marriages?

• The matrimonial relationship developed between two individuals having different religious faiths. Although marrying into a different religion is a matter of choice of an adult, there are certain Issues Regarding the Same.

 Issues with Interfaith Marriages:

• Interfaith marriages are believed to be a forced conversion of one of the spouses (mostly women).

• As per the Muslim Personal law, in order to get married to a non-Muslim, conversion of religion is the only way.

• Hindu religion allows only monogamy and those who want to marry second time take another course.

• There is no provision regarding caste determination of children born out of such marriages.

• The Special Marriage Act, 1954 is not compatible with backwardness of the society.

• There is debate over the validity of Article 226 in context of annulling the interfaith marriage by high court.

About the Special Marriage Act:

• The Special Marriage Act is a special law enacted to provide for a unique form of marriage by registration wherein the parties to the marriage do not have to renounce their religion.

• This Act includes Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists marriages.

• This act applies to all Indian states, except Jammu & Kashmir.

• This Act applies not only to Indian citizens who belong to different castes and religions but also to Indian nationals who live abroad.

Requirements for the Special Marriage:

• The Fundamental Requirement Under this Act for a valid marriage is the consent of both parties to the marriage.

• If both parties to the marriage are willing to marry each other, that’s enough; caste, religion, race, etc. is not a restriction.

Conditions for Marriage:

 • The bridegroom must be at least 21, and at the time of the marriage, the bride must be at least 18 years of age. This is the minimum age limit respectively for a boy/girl to marry.

• At the time of their marriage, both parties must be monogamous; i.e., they must be unmarried and at that time should not have any living spouse.

• In order to be able to decide for themselves, the parties should be mentally fit, i.e., they must be sane at the time of Marriage.

Challenges with Contemplating Laws for Interfaith Marriage:

• Contemplating laws to regulate matrimonial relationships between two consenting adults would not be just against the constitutional guarantees but would offend the very notion of individuality and basic freedoms.

• Interference of the law in an individual’s choice of marriage violates the existing constitutional rights such as the Right to equality, Right to Freedom & Personal Liberty, Freedom of Religion and Right to Life.

• Article 21: It declares that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law. This right is available to both citizens and non-citizens.

• Article 25 of the Indian constitution provides the freedom to practice any religion of one’s choice and personal laws of the religions have specified various laws relating to marriage for the followers of that religion. Hence, in India inter-faith marriages are allowed as the constitution allows one to convert to a different religion from what one was born with and further the personal laws of the religion have provisions.

Way Forward:

• In order to avoid inclusion of any further laws, there should be acceptance of the special marriage act, 1954 at the mental and social level.

• The rights should not be exploited; conversion of religion for marriage only is not at all wise.

 • The marriage of two adults is a complete matter of their own choice, neither a law is to impose any decision, nor any individual. The freedom of decision of his/ her marriage shall lie with the person only. The need is to accept the fact.

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