Friday, November 27, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 27 November 2020

 Truth behind the secret meeting between Saudi and Israil :

There is nothing wrong with muslim States pursuing ties with Israil as long as Palestine issue is resolved.

REPORTS that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made a clandestine visit to the northern Saudi city of Neom to meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on Sunday have sparked a firestorm of rumours. The Saudis have flatly denied that the Israeli leader set foot on their soil; however, officials in Tel Aviv — in typically Israeli fashion — have adopted a more ambiguous tone. Several media outlets in Israel say the visit indeed took place, while a member of the state’s security cabinet has said on record that “the meeting happened”.

While over the past few months of UAE, Bahrain and Sudan have stuck Peace deals with Israil it would be the game changer were Saudi Arabia to do so. Officially Riyadh sticks to the position that there would be no peace deal with Israil Unless the Palestinian question is resolved but it is difficult to believe that the Gulf states would have gone ahead with KSA's blessing .

Moreover, because Islam's holiest sites are in Saudi soil, Riyad's recognition of Tel Aviv would have a great impact on the Muslim world.

There is nothing wrong with the Muslim States pursuing ties with Israil as long as Palestine issue is resolved to the Arab side's satisfaction. Unfortunately that doesn't seem to be a possibility as the Palestinians have rejected the peace deal between Arab states and Israil. The reasons remain clear, those who rule Israil have no intention to go back to 1967 borders and living in harmony with Palestinians by giving back them land that was stolen by them.

 Iran keen on Returning to the Nuclear Deal.

Iran has said that it will Automatically return to its Nuclear Commitments if U.S.President-elect Joe Biden lifts sanctions imposed over the past two years.

Background:

• Decades old U.S.-Iranian tensions escalated after U.S. President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from a landmark nuclear agreement in 2018 and then reinforced Crippling Sanctions.

• Iran has since May 2019 gradually suspended most of its key obligations under the Agreement.

What’s the Way Ahead for Iran?

• While Mr. Trump has sought to Maximise Pressure on Iran and isolate it globally, Mr. Biden has proposed to offer the Islamic republic a “credible path back to diplomacy”.

• Besides, America is also obligated to implement Resolution 2231 as a member of the United Nations and its Security Council.

• On 20 July 2015, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2231 (2015) endorsing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

• Resolution 2231 provides for the termination of the provisions of previous Security Council

Resolutions on the Iranian nuclear issue and establishes specific restrictions that apply to all States without exception.

What was the Iran Nuclear Deal?

• Iran agreed to rein in its nuclear programme in a 2015 deal struck with the US, UK, Russia,

China, France and Germany.

• Under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) Tehran agreed to significantly cut its stores of centrifuges, enriched uranium and heavy-water, all key components for Nuclear Weapons.

• The JCPOA established the Joint Commission, with the negotiating parties all represented,

To monitor Implementation of the Agreement.

Why has US Pulled out of the Deal Now?

• Trump and opponents to the deal said it is flawed because it gives Iran access to billions of dollars but does not address Iran’s support for groups the U.S. considers terrorists, like Hamas and Hezbollah. They noted it also doesn’t curb Iran’s development of ballistic missiles and that the deal phases out by 2030. They said Iran has lied about its nuclear program in the past.

At UNSC, India calls for immediate ceasefire in Afghanistan.

India has told the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) that it calls for an “immediate comprehensive ceasefire” in Afghanistan, while welcoming all opportunities to bring peace to the country.

India’s position was articulated by its Permanent Representative to the United Nations, at a UNSC convened under the Arria Formula (informally convened at the request of a UNSC member).

Current and incoming members of the UNSC spoke on how the Council could support the Afghan peace process.

The timing of the remarks is significant as India is weeks away from beginning a two-year term at the Council and comes days after U.S. President Donald Trump’s announcement this week that he would dramatically cut the number of U.S. troops in Afghanistan by January 15.

It is an act that could potentially jeopardise the fragile peace process underway in the country.

India has been concerned that the Afghan peace process and premature withdrawal of NATO/ U.S. coalition forces could leave opportunities for terrorist networks that could target both Afghanistan and India.

Four requirements for peace and stability in Afghanistan outlined by India:

First, the process had to be Afghan-led and Afghan-owned.

 Second, there must be zero tolerance for terrorism.

Third, the gains of the last two decades cannot be lost Fourth, the transit rights of Afghanistan should not be used by countries

Raghuram Rajan red-flag concerns for Corporate owning banks.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) working group’s recommendation to allow corporate houses to own banks has drawn sharp reactions from experts, who have red-flagged risks associated with such a move.

About:

Former RBI governor Raghuram Rajan and ex-deputy governor Viral Acharya argued against allowing companies to own banks because it would allow non-financial businesses to gain easy access to financing and encourage connected lending and because it could lead to further concentration of economic and political power in certain business houses.

They are also laid out likely motivations for the recommendations, the first being to enable the privatisation of PSU banks.

Key objectives

This objective is better achieved by professionalising governance and letting the broader public own larger stakes in these banks, they argued.

The other possibility, they said, is that a particular corporate house which holds a payments bank licence now wants to convert into a full-service bank.

The two were surprised the working group had recommended corporate ownership of banks even though only one among all the experts they consulted favoured such a move. “Why is there urgency to change the regulation? After all, committees are rarely set up out of the blue. Is there some dramatic change in perception that it is responding to?” they asked.

 Community Cord Blood Banking.

Community Cord Blood Banking, a stem cell banking initiative, has recently helped save the life of a girl child making it India’s first dual cord blood transplant through an Unrelated Donor.

Cord Blood Banking:

• Community Banking is a new sharing economy model of stem cell banking that was pioneered by LifeCell in India.

• Parents who choose to store their child’s cord blood in a community bank will have access, in the event of medical need, to all of the other cord blood units in the bank.

• A community bank is like a public cord blood bank in that the members are supporting each other, but it is also like a private bank because the members pay for this service and outsiders cannot participate.

• It can fill an unmet health need in a country like India, where there is no national network of public banks and the population has unique genetics that are not covered by banks elsewhere in the world.

• It is different from “hybrid” banking where both public and family banks share a laboratory, because in hybrid banks the pubic and family sides operate separately.

• In a community bank the public and family functions are blended.

Benefits of Cord Blood:

• It gives Protection to a Baby against all conditions treatable using stem cells (own & donor).

• It gives protection to the baby’s siblings, parents and grandparents (maternal & paternal) by providing Unrelated Donor Stem Cells.

Stem Cell Therapy:

• It is a type of treatment option that uses a patient’s own stem cells to repair damaged tissue and repair injuries.

 • It is used to treat more than 80 disorders including neuromuscular and degenerative disorders. Eg. Bone-marrow transplant is used in Leukemia (blood cancer), sickle-cell anemia, immunodeficiency disorders.

• Stem cells are usually taken from one of the two areas in the patient’s body: bone marrow or adipose (fat) tissue in their upper thigh abdomen.

• Because it is common to remove stem cells from areas of stored body fat, some refer to stem cell therapy as “Adipose Stem Cell Therapy” in some cases.

Chapare Virus.

Recently, the researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have discovered a rare Ebola-like illness that is believed to have first originated in rural Bolivia in 2004. It is named Chapare after the province in which it was first observed.

Highlights:

• Chapare Virus belongs to the same Arenavirus family that is responsible for illnesses such as the Ebola virus disease (EVD). It causes Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF). It is a rural province in the northern region of central Bolivia.

• The virus is generally carried by rats and can be transmitted through direct contact with the infected rodent, its urine and droppings, or through contact with an infected person.

• A disease vector is any agent which carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.

• The Symptoms of Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) are Hemorrhagic fever much like

Ebola, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Bleeding gums, Skin rash and Pain behind the eyes.

• Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a severe and life-threatening kind of illness that can affect multiple organs and damage the walls of blood vessels.

• It can spread from person to person. Chapare spreads only through direct contact with bodily fluids. It is also found fragments of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) associated with Chapare, in the semen of one survivor 168 days after he was infected.

• It is much more difficult to catch than the coronavirus as it is not transmissible via the respiratory route. Instead, Chapare spreads only through direct contact with bodily fluids.

• New sequencing tools will help develop an RT-PCR test — much like the one used to diagnose Covid-19 to help detect Chapare.

ICC Men’s Player of the Decade Award.

Virat Kohli and Ravichandran Ashwin were nominated for the coveted ICC Men’s Player of the Decade Award with the Indian captain featuring in all five men’s categories for his incredible run in the last 10 years.

Kohli and veteran off-spinner Ashwin are the two Indians among seven players nominated for the most prestigious award.

Besides the Indian duo, Joe Root (England), Kane Williamson (New Zealand), Steve Smith (Australia), AB de Villiers (South Africa), and Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka) are the other contenders in this category.

In the Men’s ODI Player of the Decade category, former India skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni and run-machine Rohit Sharma also found a place alongside Kohli, Lasith Malinga (Sri Lanka), Mitchell Starc (Australia), de Villiers and Sangakkara.

Focus on mains:

Inter State River Water Disputes.

The Bill aims to deal with the risks of India’s ageing dams, with the help of a comprehensive federal institutional framework comprising committees and authorities for dam safety at national and state levels.

 There are 5,344 large dams in India, of which around 293 are more than 100 years old and 1,041 are 50 to 100 years old.

Nearly 92% of these dams are on inter-State rivers, and accidents at many of them have spurred concerns as to the frequency and efficiency of their maintenance.

Highlights of the Bill

Objective: The Bill provides for the surveillance, inspection, operation, and maintenance of all specified dams across the country. These are dams with height more than 15 metres, or height between 10 metres to 15 metres with certain design and structural conditions.

It constitutes two national bodies: The National Committee on Dam Safety, whose functions include evolving policies and recommending regulations regarding dam safety standards; and the National Dam Safety Authority, whose functions include implementing policies of the National Committee, providing technical assistance to State Dam Safety Organisations (SDSOs), and resolving matters between SDSOs of states or between a SDSO and any dam owner in that state.

It also constitutes two state bodies: State Committee on Dam Safety, and SDSO. These bodies will be responsible for the surveillance, inspection, and monitoring the operation and maintenance of dams within their jurisdiction.

Power of Union Government: Functions of the national bodies and the State Committees on Dam Safety have been provided in Schedules to the Bill. These Schedules can be amended by a government notification.

Penal Provisions: An offence under the Bill can lead to imprisonment of up to two years, or a fine, or both.

Key Issues and Analysis of Dam Safety Bill:

Issue of Federalism:

The Bill applies to all specified dams in the country. This includes dams built on both inter and intra state rivers.

 As per the Constitution, states can make laws on water including water storage and water power. However, Parliament may regulate and develop inter-state river valleys if it deems it necessary in public interest.

The question is whether Parliament has the jurisdiction to regulate dams on rivers flowing entirely within a state.

Since ‘water’ comes under the State list, the bill is criticised as being an unconstitutional move aimed at taking control of state’s dams.

State’s see it as an attempt by the Centre to consolidate power in the guise of safety concerns

Opposition by Tamil Nadu

The State which has fours dams — the Mullaperiyar, Parambikulam, Thunakkadavu and Peruvaripallam — that are owned by it, but are situated in neighbouring Kerala.

Currently, the rights on these dams are governed by pre-existing long-term agreements among the States.

The provisions in the Bill implies that the dam-owning State would not have rights over the safety and maintenance of the dam located in another State.

Thus, Tamil Nadu will lose the rights over the safety of above four dams which is violative of pre-existing agreement with Kerala State.

Due Process

The functions of the National Committee on Dam Safety, the National Dam Safety Authority, and the State Committee on Dam Safety are listed in Schedules to the Bill.

These Schedules can be amended by the government through a notification.

The question is whether core functions of authorities should be amended through a notification or whether such amendments should be passed by Parliament.

 Conclusion.

In the absence of a proper legal framework, safety and maintenance of these large number of dams are a cause of concern. Hence, the bill has to be passed by taking on board the concerns of States.

No comments:

Post a Comment

detailed syllabus for UPSC CSE

 download the detailed syllabus for UPSC CSE 2022  download here