Sunday, December 6, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 6 December 2020

Global Teacher Prize 2020.

A primary school teacher from Maharashtra won $1 million annual Global Teacher Prize 2020.

He was awarded in recognition of his efforts to promote girls' education and trigger a quick-response (QR) coded textbook revolution in India.

This annual prize was founded by the Varkey Foundation (global charitable foundation) in 2014 to recognise an exceptional teacher who has made outstanding contribution to the profession.

ADIP Camp.

The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment inaugurated an ADIP camp to provide Aids & Assistive devices to 1398 Divyangjan of Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu virtually.

• The camp was organized by Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India (ALIMCO), Kanpur.

Scheme of Assistance to Disabled Persons (ADIP Scheme):

• The ADIP Scheme is in operation since 1981.

Objective:

To assist the needy disabled persons in procuring durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, modern, standard aids and appliances.

Assistive Devices are given to o Persons with disabilities (PwDs) to improve their independent functioning and to arrest the extent of disability and occurrence of Secondary Disability.

Other Features:

• The scheme envisages conduct of corrective surgeries, wherever required, before providing an Assistive Device.

Initiatives for Disabled People in India:

1. Educational Upliftment:

Under Rights of Person with Disabilities Act, 2016:

Every disabled child between 6 to 18 years have right to free education.

Persons with disabilities are provided reservation of seats in government higher educational institutions (at least 5%) and government jobs (at least 4%).

National Fellowship for Students with Disabilities (RGMF).

Under the Scheme, 200 Fellowships per year are granted to students with disability.

2. Economic Empowerment:

National Action Plan for skill training of Divyangjan (financial assistance is provided for skill training for persons with disabilities)

National Handicapped and Financial Development Corporation (set up in 1997 to assist the disabled persons by providing concessional loan for Economic and Educational Empowerment.)

3. Social empowerment and rehabilitation:

Accessible India Campaign (launched in 2015 to make a barrier-free and conducive environment for Divyangjans (i.e., disabled-friendly buildings))

DeenDayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS) (promote Voluntary Action for Persons with Disabilities)

Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) (assist the needy disabled persons in procuring durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, modern, standard aids and appliances)

Schemes of the National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy.

Karnataka Learning Management System.

It was launched by Karnataka Government.

It is implemented in two ways: LMS-based digital learning and establishing 2500 ICT enabled classes covering government first grade colleges, polytechnics and engineering colleges.

It encourages digital learning and would improve the quality and Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education.

This would benefit students and teachers to make an impact on their learning and teaching, respectively, hence improving quality of higher education.

National Maritime Domain Awareness (NDMA) Centre.

Recently, the Navy’s Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC), the nodal agency for maritime data fusion set up after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. It will soon become a National Maritime Domain Awareness (NDMA) Centre.

Highlights:

• The Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is extremely challenging since India is located in one of the busiest maritime traffic regions of the world.

• The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is the commercial highway for large traffic and critical for the prosperity of many nations. Hence, threats such as maritime terrorism, piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing etc. are required to be kept subdued at all times.

• It is defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment.

• The maritime domain is defined as all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities,

• India joined the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) as Observer. The Commission is an important regional institution in Western/African Indian Ocean.

• The Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean region (IFC-IOR) was set up within the premises of the IMAC to coordinate with regional countries on maritime security and act as a regional repository of maritime data.

• It will be a multi-agency centre and provide information to various stakeholders, from the fisheries department to local policing authorities on development or movements across the coast. This will make sure that any risk, especially transnational can be prevented.

About Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC):

• It is the main center of the Indian Navy for coastal surveillance and monitoring. It is located in Gurugram (Haryana) and became operational in 2014.

• It is a joint initiative of Indian Navy, Coast Guard and Bharat Electronics Ltd. and functions under the National Security Adviser (NSA).

• It is the nodal center of the National Command Control Communications and Intelligence Network (NC3I Network).

• It tracks vessels on the high seas and gets data from the coastal radars, white shipping agreements, Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) transponders fitted on merchant ships, air and traffic management systems and global shipping databases. Its functions in line with the principles listed under 'Security and Growth of All in the Region (SAGAR)'.

About White Shipping Agreement:

• It refers to an exchange of relevant advance information on the identity and movement of commercial non-military merchant vessels.

• Ships are classified into white (commercial ships), grey (military vessels), and black (illegal vessels).

• Automatic Identification System is an automated tracking system installed on all commercial vessels of specific tonnage.

• All fishing vessels more than 20m long were mandated to have AIS transponders installed, while efforts are on to have such a system on under 20m fishing vessels as well.

• It conducted a coastal security workshop for BIMSTEC countries. During the MT New Diamond (vessel) fire incident off the coast of Sri Lanka, IFC-IOR played a key role in the early Mobilization of resources that resulted in a Quick Reaction.

Unnat Bharat Abhiyan Scheme.

A review meeting regarding the progress of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan Scheme (UBA) was recently held Via Videoconferencing.

Highlights:

• Efforts should be made to maximise the number of Higher Educational Institutions under the scheme in order to benefit More Villages.

• UBA should be used in sensitizing the school teachers regarding National Education Policy, 2020.

• Need for a portal was highlighted which will serve as an interactive platform for different institutions wherein they can share success stories and motivate each other.

• Carry out a state-wise study and set targets regarding the parameters under UBA such as improvement in Literacy, Healthcare etc.

About Unnat Bharat Abhiyan:

 • It is a flagship program of the Ministry of Education. It was launched in 2014.

• It aims to link the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with a set of at least (5) villages, so that these institutions can contribute to the economic and social betterment of these village communities using their knowledge base.

• It covers two major domains for holistic development of villages – human development and material (economic) development - in an integrated way.

• Its objective is to engage the faculty and students of HEIs in identifying development issues in rural areas and finding sustainable solutions for the same.

• Identify & select existing innovative technologies, enable customisation of technologies, or devise implementation methods for innovative solutions, as required by the people.

• To allow HEIs to contribute to devising systems for smooth implementation of various Government programmes.

• Unnat Bharat Abhiyan 2.0 is the upgraded version of UBA 1.0. It was launched in 2018.

• UBA 1.0 or UBA Phase-1 was the Invitation Mode in which Participating Institutions were invited to be a part of UBA.

• Whereas UBA 2.0 is the Challenge Mode of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan programme where all HEIs are required to willingly adopt at least 5 villages. Currently, UBA 2.0 Mode is going on.

India votes to reclassify cannabis.

India has voted with the majority at the United Nations to remove cannabis and cannabis resin from the list of most dangerous substances from Schedule IV of 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

Convention allows for control over trafficking in narcotics, marijuana, cocaine and coca leaf.

India had signed and ratified the convention.

 Now, the decision by UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) will lead to changes in the way cannabis is regulated internationally.

Under India's Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, the production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transport, and use of cannabis is a punishable offence.

Muni bond.

The Muni Bonds are issued by the Lucknow Municipal Corporation (LMC) listed on the BSE.

It raising Rs 200 crore for Uttar Pradesh's capital. It’s the ninth city in the country to raise capital through municipal bonds.

Chief Minister informed that it will be the next to issue a municipal issue and it will be followed by Pragyaraj, Varanasi, Agra and Kanpur.

LMC’s bond issuance, launched on November 13, offered coupon of 8.5 per cent and had tenure of 10 years.

The issuance had garnered 4.5 times subscription.

2020 SO.

NASA has confirmed that the Near-Earth Object called 2020 SO is the rocket booster that helped lift the space agency’s Surveyor spacecraft toward the Moon in 1966.

The Surveyor-2 spacecraft was supposed to make a soft landing on the Moon’s surface in September 1966, during which time one of the three thrusters failed to ignite as a result of which the spacecraft started spinning and crashed on the surface.

The aim of the mission was to reconnoiter the lunar surface ahead of the Apollo missions that led to the first lunar landing in 1969.

While the spacecraft crashed into the Moon’s surface, the rocket booster disappeared into an unknown orbit around the Sun.

Fluorosis.

Fluorosis is a crippling disease resulted from deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body.

It is a public health problem caused by excess intake of fluoride through drinking water/food products/industrial pollutants over a long period.

Ingestion of excess fluoride, most commonly in drinking-water affects the teeth and bones.

Emergency Use Authorisation.

Various pharmaceutical companies have applied for emergency use authorisation for their COVID-19 vaccines.

Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA):

• EUA is a mechanism to grant interim regulatory approvals where sufficient evidence is available to suggest a medical product is safe and effective.

• Generally, to ensure medicines, vaccines, diagnostic tests and medical devices are safe to be administered, there is a long-drawn regulatory approval process.

• However, during public health emergencies such as COVID pandemic, countries have developed a fast-tracked regulatory approval process to approve vaccines and medicines for public use, this is called EUA.

• However, final approval is granted only after completion of the trials and analysis of full data.

EUA in the US:

• In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants a EUA.

• EUA can be considered only after sufficient efficacy data from phase 3 trials had been generated.

• A EUA cannot be granted solely based on data from phase 1 or phase 2 trials, although these too need to show the product is safe.

 • Here, EUA has been granted for Tamiflu to treat H1N1.

EUA in India:

• In India, the regulatory authority is the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation

(CDSCO). India’s drug regulations do not have provisions for a EUA, and the process for receiving one is not clearly defined or consistent.

• In the recent past, CDSCO has been granting emergency or restricted emergency approvals to Covid-19 drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir and itolizumab.

• Any company seeking to launch a vaccine approved elsewhere would have to conduct local trials to prove it is safe and effective on the Indian population.

• The fastest approval for any vaccine until now — the mumps vaccine in the 1960s — took about four-and-a-half years after it was developed.

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