Saturday, December 5, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 5 December 2020

 Government announces list of 10 best performing police stations in India.

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) released a list of the top 10 police stations in India for the year 2020.

The Government of India selects best performing Police Stations across the country every year, to incentivize more effective functioning of police stations and bring healthy competition among them.

The list was in accordance with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s directions while addressing the 2015 Directors General of Police (DGP) Conference in Kutch, Gujarat.

India’s top 10 police stations for the year 2020:

1. Nongpok Sekmai (Thoubal, Manipur)

2. AWPS-Suramangalam (Salem, Tamil Nadu)

3. Kharsang (Changlang, Arunachal Pradesh)

4. Jhilmili (Surajpur, Chhattisgarh)

5. Sanguem (South Goa, Goa)

6. Kalighat (North and Middle Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands)

7. Pakyong (East district, Sikkim)

8. Kanth (Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh)

9. Khanvel (Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Dadra and Nagar Haveli)

10. Jammikunta Town (Karimnagar, Telangana)

Nisarg Gram campus.

Invoking recollections of Mahatma Gandhi’s famous Nature Cure campaign of 1946 at the “Nisarg Upchar” Ashram in Uruli Kanchan village near Pune, the upcoming new campus of National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN), Pune will be called “Nisarg Gram”.

Located at a distance of 15 Km from NIN’s present premises at Bapu Bhavan, the new Institution will be future-ready, with many novelties and innovations incorporated in the project per se and the curriculum of the Naturopathy courses.

NIN, Pune, an Autonomous Body under the Ministry of AYUSH is the inheritor of a unique Gandhian heritage.

It has been developed out of a Nature Cure institution of which the Mahatma was one of the founders.

The institution was called All India Nature Cure Foundation and was set up under Gandhi Ji’s leadership in 1945 at the same premises where the NIN presently functions.

It was subsequently taken over by the Central Government and structured into the present National Institute of Naturopathy.

As NIN is in the process of setting up an additional and larger campus at Nisarg Gram, the Ministry of AYUSH is taking all possible efforts to ensure that this campus is empowered to carry forward NIN’s unique legacy into the future.

To start with, the new institute’s curricula will be prepared in the light of National Education Policy, 2020.

The curricula will be rationalized to bring about qualitative, pedagogical understanding of Naturopathy and allied disciplines at the UG and PG level.

Intellectual Property cooperation.

Memorandum of Understanding signed between India and US on Intellectual Property cooperation.

Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry signed the MoU with US Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce of the US.

Earlier the cabinet gave the approval for signing the MoU with USPTO in the field of IP Cooperation.

The MoU aims at increasing IP co-operation between the two countries.

It will facilitate exchange and dissemination of best practices, experiences and knowledge on IP among the public, and between and among the industry, universities, research and development organizations, and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

Green Charcoal.

Recently, Green Charcoal Hackathon was launched, by Ministry of power, with the objective to clean the air bye laminating farm fire, producing renewable energy out of the agro residue etc.

• Green Charcoal is a type of bio-fuel that can be made locally and inexpensively.

• To make this, agricultural waste materials appropriate to the season and the region are carbonized (conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue) in a kiln.

• It burns cleanly, reducing exposure to the smoke that causes respiratory infections.

5). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

NMR spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique used in quality control by determining purity of a sample.

It allows the molecular structure of a material to be analysed by observing and measuring the interaction of nuclear spins when placed in a powerful magnetic field.

The advantages of NMR are that sample measurements are non-destructive and there is less sample preparation required. Fields of application include bio, foods, and chemistry, as well as new fields such as battery films.

 CSE has used the technique to expose adulteration in honey.

Gender Advancement through Transforming Institutions (GATI) Initiative

One of the focuses of the new Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, currently being drafted by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) is to increase the participation of Women in Science.

GATI:

• The DST is incorporating a system of grading institutes depending on the enrolment of women and the advancement of the careers of women faculty and scientists.

• It will be called GATI (Gender Advancement through Transforming Institutions).

• The concept borrows from a programme started by the UK in 2005 called the Athena SWAN (Scientific Women’s Academic Network), which is now being adopted by many countries.

• The DST will soon launch a pilot, which the British Council has helped it develop.

Why Need such Initiative?

• India is ranked 108 out of 149 countries in the 2018 Global Gender Gap report.

• According to DST figures, in 2015-16, the share of women involved in scientific research and development was 14.71% — after it had actually increased from 13% in 2000-2001 to 29% in 2014-15.

• The DST has also found that women are either not promoted, or very often drop out mid- career to attend to their Families.

What is Athena SWAN?

• The Athena SWAN Charter is an evaluation and accreditation programme in the UK enhancing gender equity in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine

(STEMM).

 • Participating research organisations and academic institutions are required to analyse data on gender equity and develop action plans for improvement.

• Signatories commit to addressing various issues such as –

Unequal gender representation;

Tackling the gender pay gap;

Removing the obstacles faced by women in career development and progression;

Discriminatory treatment often experienced by trans people;

Gender balance of committees and zero tolerance for bullying and sexual harassment.

Way Ahead:

• To get as many institutions as possible to sign up, the DST will need to manoeuvre around government red tape as most universities, barring the IITs and NITs, are run and funded by the government as well.

• This means that these institutions don’t have direct control over institutional policies, recruitment and promotions.

• The DST has tied up with the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), under the UGC, aiming to push gender equity through them.

Honey Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) Programme.

The Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare has recently inaugurated the Honey Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) Programme of the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited (NAFED).

Highlights:

• The Producer Organisation (PO) is a legal entity formed by primary producers, viz. farmers, milk producers, fishermen, weavers, rural artisans, craftsmen, etc. FPO is one type of PO where the members are farmers.

• Apiculture or beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and wax. In this method, bees are bred commercially in apiaries, an area where a lot of beehives can be placed.

• It has been launched under the Formation and Promotion of FPOs. It is a new Central Sector Scheme for the promotion of 10,000 new FPOs.

• The National Level Project Management Advisory and Fund Sanctioning Committee (N-

PMAFSC) had allocated FPO clusters for 2020-21 to all implementing agencies.

• The FPOs will be developed by specialist Cluster Based Business Organizations (CBBOs) engaged by Implementing Agencies.

• NAFED and the Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP) has initiated the formation and promotion of FPOs of beekeepers and honey collectors in 5 states of India.

• These 5 locations are East Champaran (Bihar), Morena (Madhya Pradesh), Bharatpur

(Rajasthan), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) and Sunderbans (West Bengal).

• The first Honey FPO has been registered in the state of Madhya Pradesh under the National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM).

Advantages:

• The Skill Upgradation in scientific beekeeping.

• The Quality upgradation by quality control laboratories.

• The Better supply chain management by improving collection, storage, bottling and marketing centres.

 • The Promotion and Formation of FPOs is the first step for converting Krishi into Atmanirbhar Krishi. 

• The State of art infrastructural facilities for processing honey and allied beekeeping products like bee’s wax, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom, etc.

• About National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.

• It is an apex organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India.

• It was founded on 2nd October 1958 and is registered under the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002.

• NAFED is now one of the largest procurement as well as marketing agencies for agricultural products in India.

• Its objectives to organize, promote and develop marketing, processing and storage of agricultural, horticultural and forest produce.

• To distribute agricultural machinery, implements and other inputs, undertake inter-state, import and export trade, wholesale or retail as the case may be.

• To act and assist for technical advice in agricultural production for the promotion and the working of its members, partners, associates and cooperative marketing, processing and supply societies in India.

National Bee Board

• The SFAC registered the NBB as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in 2000 and it was reconstituted (with the secretary as chairman) in June 2006.

• Its aim to overall develop beekeeping by promoting scientific beekeeping in India to increase the productivity of crops through pollination and increase the honey production for increasing the income of the beekeepers/farmers.

• Presently NBB is implementing National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan State (HMNEM).

India Climate Change Knowledge Portal.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has recently launched the ‘India

Climate Change Knowledge Portal’.

Highlights:

• Its objective is to help in disseminating knowledge among citizens about all the major steps the Government is taking at both national and international levels to address climate change issues.

• It will be a single point Information resource which provides information on the different climate initiatives taken by various Line Ministries enabling users to access updated status on these initiatives.

• The major components included in the knowledge portal are:

India’s Climate Profile

National Policy Framework

India’s nationally determined contributions (NDC) Goals Adaptation Actions

Mitigation Actions

Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation.

International Climate Negotiations

Reports & Publications

Some Other Initiatives to Fight Climate Change:

• National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a five-year action plan with a tentative target of 20-30% reduction in concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 by 2024, with 2017 as the base year.

• India has also shifted from Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV) to Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) emission norms from 1st April 2020 which was earlier to be adopted by 2024.

• It has distributed more than 360 million LED bulbs under the UJALA scheme, which has led to energy saving of about 47 billion units of electricity per year and reduction of 38 million tonnes of CO2 per year.

• International Solar Alliance is an Indian initiative conceived as a coalition of solar-resource-rich countries (which lie either completely or partly between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn) to address their special energy needs.

• The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched in 2008 which aims at creating awareness among the representatives of the public, different agencies of the government, scientists, industry and the communities on the threat posed by climate change and the steps to counter it.

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