Tuesday, June 23, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 23 June 2020

India became 12th largest holder of US govt securities at April.

India became the 12th largest holder of the United States government securities at the end of April. As per the official data, India held securities worth 157.4 billion dollars.

Highlights:

·         The US Treasury Department data stated showed that after March India marginally hiked the holding by 0.9 billion dollars to 157.4 billion dollars the next month.

·         India's holding touched a record high of 177.5 billion dollars in February, the same was drastically reduced in March. It stood at 164.3 billion dollars in January.

·          As per the report, at the end of April, Japan remained the country with the maximum exposure at 1.27 trillion dollars. It is followed by China at 1.1 trillion dollars and the UK at 368.5 billion dollars.

 

·          In India, the American government securities are held by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the Central Banks invests in foreign assets as part of its prudential liquidity management.

Top 10 countries:

1.      Japan with 1.27 trillion dollars

2.      China with 1.1 trillion dollars

3.      The UK with 368.5 billion dollars

4.      Ireland with $300.2 billion

5.      Luxembourg with $265.5 billion

6.      Brazil with $259.5 billion

7.      Hong Kong with $242.8 billion

8.      Switzerland with $241.3 billion

9.      Belgium with $210.2 billion

10.  The Cayman Islands with $206.8 billion.

 

Indian Supreme court bats for secrecy of ballot to promote free and fair elections.

Secrecy of ballot is the cornerstone of free and fair elections. The choice of a voter should be free and the secret ballot system in a democracy ensures it, the Supreme Court has held in a judgment.

The principle of secrecy of ballots is an important postulate of constitutional democracy, the court said.
Justice Khanna, who wrote the judgment, referred to Section 94 of the Representation of the People Act, which upholds the privilege of the voter to maintain confidentiality about her choice of vote.

The judgment came on an appeal against the Allahabad High Court decision setting aside the voting of a no-confidence motion in the zilapanchayat of the PanchayatAdhyaksha in Uttar Pradesh in 2018.


The High Court found that some of the panchayat members had violated the rule of secrecy of ballot. It relied on CCTV footage to conclude that they had either displayed the ballot papers or by their conduct revealed the manner in which they had voted.

The court ordered a re-vote of the motion within the next two months. It ordered the Allahabad District Judge or his nominee to act as the presiding officer.Justice Khanna ordered that the vote should be conducted by the secret ballot system.


UNCTAD report says India most resilient country in South Asia.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has said that India’s economy could prove the most resilient in South Asia and its large market will continue to attract market-seeking investments to the country even as it expects a dramatic fall in global foreign direct investment (FDI).

However, inflows may shrink sharply. As per UNCTAD, India jumped to ninth spot in 2019 on the list of global top FDI recipients from the twelfth spot in 2018.

FDI inflows into India rose 13% on year in FY20 to a record $49.97 billion compared to $44.36 billion in 2018-19. In 2019, FDI flows to the region declined by 5%, to $474 billion, despite gains in South East Asia, China and India, according to the Geneva-based organization.

The largest five recipients were China, Hong Kong (China), Singapore, India and Indonesia in developing Asia.

Outflows from South Asia grew 6%, driven by investment from India. Yet they remained small, representing only 1% of global outflows. Companies in India are the subregion’s largest investors, with more than 90% of outflows in 2019.

Highlighting that in order to address the adverse impact of the pandemic, several economies have recently adopted policy measures to boost investment in those industries that are crucial to containing the spread of the virus, it said India, Italy and the US have adopted measures to

Encourage manufacturers to expand or shift production lines to medical equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE) to increase the quantity available.

 

UK seeks powers to scrutinize foreign takeovers.

Britain will seek changes to the law to allow scrutiny of certain foreign takeovers to ensure they do not threaten the country's ability to tackle public health emergencies such as the coronavirus outbreak.
The government on Sunday said it would introduce changes to the Enterprise Act on Monday to allow it to intervene if a business involved in a pandemic response became a target of a takeover.
"These powers will send an important signal to those seeking to take advantage of those struggling as a result of the pandemic that the UK government is prepared to act where necessary to protect our national security,"


Ciplas antiviral drug Cipremi to be used to treat COVID-19 infection.

Cipla Ltd has announced the launch of its generic version of antiviral drug Remdesivir for emergency use in the treatment of the COVID-19 patients. The new drug will be sold under the brand name Cipremi. Cipla’s antiviral drug Cipremi will join Glenmark’s Fabiflu and Hetero’s Covifor to treat the COVID-19 patients in India.

Highlights:

·         Cipla was granted regulatory approval by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) for restricted emergency use in the country in order to accelerate the approval process considering the urgent medical need with a surge in COVID-19 cases in India, which have crossed the 4,00,000-mark.

·         The price of the drug is yet to be announced by Cipla.

·          Cipla will provide training on the use of the drug, inform patients for consent documents, conduct post-marketing surveillance as well as to conduct a Phase-IV clinical trial on Indian patients.

·          Remdesivir is the only USFDA approved Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) treatment for adults and children hospitalized with suspected or laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection.

Background:
Recently, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare included the use of antiviral drug Remdesivir as part of “investigational therapy” in India. The drug will be used only for restricted emergency-use in its updated Clinical Management Protocol for COVID-19 patients. The Ministry of Health also approved the off-label application of immunomodulator tocilizumab and convalescent plasma therapy for treating coronavirus patients in a moderate stage of criticality.

 

UN Public Service Day is observed.

United Nations Public Service Day is observed on 23 June. The day marks the important role and the dedication of public servants during the crisis. The day is to highlight the importance of public service and the valiant people who dedicate their lives to the nation. 

Events:
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) & the Ministry of the Interior and Safety of the Republic of Korea are organizing an outreach and resource platform from 15-30 June. The aim of the event is to honour and thank the work of public servants globally and focus on the critical role frontline public servants have been playing in fighting the COVID 19 pandemic.

History:
On 20 December 2002, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution

57/277 and designated 23 June as Public Service Day. The day was designated to celebrate the virtue & value of public service to the community. The day also highlights the contribution of public service in the development process. The day focuses to recognize the work of public servants and encourage young people to pursue careers in the public sector.

The United Nations established the UN Public Service Awards (UNPSA)programme in 2003. It was reviewed in 2016 to align with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The UNPSA was initiated with an aim to reward & promote innovation and excellence in public services by recognizing the creative achievements and contributions of public institutions.


NITI Aayog, ITF to launch Decarbonizing Transport.

NITI Aayog in collaboration with International Transport Forum (ITF) is to launch the “Decarbonising Transport in India” project on 24 June. The project intends to develop a pathway towards a low-carbon transport system for India. The project will be launched by ITF Secretary-General Young Tae Kim and NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant.

Decarbonizing Transport in India:

·         The project will inform the transport and climate stakeholders in India about planned project activities.

·          The project will provide an opportunity to provide inputs regarding India’s transport challenges and how it can be related to CO2 reduction ambitions. The discussion will help to focus the project further on India’s specific needs and circumstances.

·          Decarbonising Transport in India project will design a tailor-made transport emissions assessment framework for India.

·          It will provide the government with a detailed understanding of current & future transport activity and the related CO2 emissions as a basis for their decision-making.

·          The project is carried out in the wider context of the International Transport Forum’s “Decarbonising Transport” initiative.

·     This project is a part of the Decarbonising Transport in Emerging Economies (DTEE) family of projects, which supports transport decarbonisation across different world regions.

·          The launch ceremony will be available on YouTube Livestream at  https://youtu.be/l2G5x5RdBum.


Eight million year old stegodon fossil discovered from Uttar Pradesh

Over decades, a number of richest fossil records in South Asia have been found at the Dhok Pathan Formation of the Sivalik range. 

This time, the researchers found a fossil of an extinct ancestor of Elephant that is estimated to be around between 5 to 8 million old. The fossil was discovered in the state of Uttar Pradesh’s Saharanpur District’s BadshahiBagh area.

The fossil found during this remarkable discovery is said to be of a Stegodon (now extinct, a type of Elephant found until the late Pleistocene).Specimens of Stegodon were available at the Dehradun’s Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, the fossil discovered was compared with the specimen after a proper examination.

With this discovery, it can be concluded that there was the existence of a dense forest in the Siwalik range millions of years back, it can also be stated that a lot of river and other water sources were also present in the area.

The fossil was embedded in sedimentary rock-Sandstone. It was informed that the Stegodon Fossil discovered has nine well-developed ridges on its surface.The nature of the sandstone has characteristics of the middle Sivalik range as the lithology found embedded on the fossil is medium grained.

Government expects surplus in current account balance in FY21.

The government expects a surplus in its current account balance for the first quarter of the ongoing fiscal and in the final quarter of the previous fiscal on account of curtailed imports due to a significant drop in domestic economic activity, according to an official report.
According to the government report, net foreign direct investment inflows rose from $1.98 billion in February 2020 to $2.87 billion for the March. This resulted in a cumulative net inflow of $42.7 billion during FY20, up from $30.7 billion a year ago.

India’s current account deficit (CAD) was also supported by low levels of external debt servicing, it added.

“During COVID-19 times, the external debt and its repayment burden is a major challenge being faced by some emerging market economies. However, India is not vulnerable on this count as its external debt to GDP ratio has remained low at about 20 percent during the last three years,” the report said.

However, the country took a hit on foreign portfolio investment as it witnessed a sharp outflow of $16.16 billion in March this year compared to an inflow of $1.02 billion during the previous month, the report said.

The resulting cumulative net outflow of $140 million in FY20 was still lower compared to net outflow of $620 million of the previous fiscal.


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