Sunday, October 11, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 11 October 2020

 EC revises norms concerning star campaigners for elections.

With a view to ensuring the conduct of free, fair, peaceful, transparent, ethical and safe elections during COVID-19, the Election Commission has revised the norms concerning star campaigners for all ongoing and future elections during the period of pandemic COVID-19.

•In the revised norms, the Commission said the maximum limit on the number of star campaigners for recognized National and State political parties will be 30 in place of 40 and for unrecognized registered political parties it will be 15 in place of 20.

•It said, the period of submission of the list of star campaigners is extended from 7 days to 10 days from the date of notification.Political parties, which have already submitted list of star campaigners will resubmit a revised list within the stipulated period.

•It said, request for permission for the campaigning by star campaigners are to be submitted to the district election authorities at least 48 hours before the start of campaign so that all necessary safety measures are put in place well in time.

 •The Election Commission has asked the Chief Electoral Officer of all the States and Union Territories to give wide publicity through media and inform all National, State and other registered political parties. These revised norms will come into effect immediately.

Modi hails investment opportunities in India.

Indian PM Modi has hailed the trinity reforms in the field of labour, education and agriculture and asserted that India undertook structural reforms amidst the global pandemic to usher in revolutionary changes in the country.

•Addressing the Invest India Conference in Canada through video conferencing on Modi said the reforms introduced by the government have resulted in substantial improvement in the country's ranking in terms of ease of doing business.

•Highlighting the key markers of the huge surge in FDI in the country during 2019, he said the country has decriminalized many provisions in the Companies Act.

•Modi said the country emerged as a Pharmacy center of the world during the pandemic and extended assistance to over 150 countries around the world by ensuring supplies of life saving drugs.

•Underlining the change in mindset and perception of every one regarding the country, he said, India has all the necessary vitals which make it a lucrative investment destination.

• Modi said, the vibrant democracy, stability of government, transparency in business and availability of large market in the country ensures predictable return for all the Investors.

Crime in India report 2019 saw the increase in crime rate.

According to the annual Crime in India 2019 report by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), the crimes in SC, ST category saw an increase of 25.7% as compared to 2018.

Highlights of the Report:

 • Crime against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) saw an increase of over 7% and 26% respectively in year 2019 compared to 2018.

• Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number of crimes against SCs in 2019, followed Rajasthan and Bihar.

Rape Cases:

• In the number of cases of rape of women belonging to SCs, Rajasthan topped the list with 554 cases, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest number of cases against STs as it recorded followed by Rajasthan and Odisha.

Cognizable Crimes:

• A total of cognizable crimes comprising Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL) crimes showed an increase of 1.6% in registration of cases over 2018.

• An increase of 7.3% cases of crime against women were registered in 2019 compared to 2018.

Cybercrimes Increased by 63.5% in 2019.

• In 2019, 60.4% of cybercrime cases registered were for the motive of fraud, followed by Sexual Exploitation and causing disrepute with 4.2%.CHRI Statement:

• The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI), a police reforms advocacy group, said few cases were being registered for specific discriminatory action against SCs and STs.

Crimes against SCs and STs Include categories:

• Atrocities committed by non-SC/ST members under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities Act), 1989.

• Indian Penal Code and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.

 Modi meets Afghan peace negotiator .

Afghanistan's top peace negotiator Abdullah Abdullah today met PM Modi. Ongoing peace initiative to bring back stability in the war-ravaged Afghanistan was discussed by the leaders.

•External Affairs Ministry Spokesperson said Modi reaffirmed India's long term commitment to further deepen ties with Afghanistan.Mr Abdullah is in Delhi on a five-day visit as part of the efforts to build a regional consensus and support for the Afghan peace process.

• Despite of not accepting Taliban as the political stakeholder of Afghanistan India is now believed to support a national peace and reconciliation process which is Afghan-led, Afghan-owned and Afghan-controlled.

•On September 12, an Indian delegation attended the inaugural ceremony of the intra-Afghan negotiations in Doha while External Affairs Minister of India Jaishankar joined it through video conference.

5Turkey's reopening of Northern Cyprus beach sparks controversy.

Turkey's decision to reopen parts of Varosha, a seaside resort in the breakaway Turkish Cypriot north of Cyprus, has raised concerns both locally and internationally, days before an election in Northern Cyprus.

•President Nicos Anastasiades of Cyprus' Greek-majority south called the opening a "flagrant violation of international law and the resolutions of the UN Security Council." Cyprus' close ally Greece has also warned that the issue will be raised with the European Union.

•Varosha was abandoned in 1974 when Turkey invaded Cyprus, dividing the island along ethnic lines. For years before that, Varosha had been Cyprus' premier resort with a mile-long stretch of beach. Now, it looks like a ghost town with trees growing out of abandoned buildings facing the sea.

•While some Turkish Cypriots hailed the move, Greek Cypriots carried out protests against the reopening of the region across the UN buffer zone.

 •With Turkish Cypriot troops manning the site, the beach has now been reopened just three days before Turkish Cypriots elect a new leader who will represent them in peace talks facilitated by the United Nations.

•Some say that the move may be an attempt by Turkey to sway the upcoming elections in the favor of nationalist leader and Turkish Cypriot Prime Minister Ersin Tatar, who announced the reopening after consulting Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.He is set to challenge incumbent President Mustafa Akinci, who has criticized this move.

GoI starts procurement of Kharif crops at MSP.

Government has started procurement of Kharif Crops at Minimum Support Price (MSP) in full swing.

•So far, approval has been accorded for procurement of over 20 lakh 37 thousand metric tonne of paddy benefitting nearly 1 lakh 70 thousand farmers across the country.

•The procurement this year has been reported to be 33 per cent higher than the corresponding time span last year. Government has disbursed around 3 thousand 850 crore rupees to the farmers in lieu of the procurements.

•Based on the proposal from the States, approval has also been accorded for procurement of 30 lakh 70 thousand metric tonnes of Pulses and Oilseeds for Kharif Marketing Season 2020 from the States of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.

•Government through its Nodal Agencies has also procured over 376 metric tonne of Moong having MSP value of 2 crore 71 lakh rupees benefitting farmers in Tamil Nadu and Haryana.

•Approval for procurement of Kharif Crops is also being accorded to various other States and Union Territories on receipt of their proposal for agricultural produces as per the Price Support Scheme.

 Indo-French satellites to trace illegal oil spillage by ships.

The constellation of maritime surveillance satellites for the Indian Ocean Region, to be jointly launched by India and France, will be able to trace illegal spillage of oil by ships, a senior French space agency CENS official said on Sunday.

In August last year, CNES and ISRO committed to developing and building a constellation of satellites carrying telecommunications and radar and optical remote-sensing instruments, constituting the first space-based system in the world capable of tracking ships continuously.

•After a successful design phase led by a joint team of ISRO-CNES, the satellite is now set to enter its development phases in the coming months, the official said.

BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missile.

India test-fired an extended-range BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missile that can hit targets 400km away.

BrahMos Test:

• The range has been increased from the existing 290km.

• The extended-range variant was tested from the Integrated Test Range at Balasore in Odisha.

• The test has cleared the decks for India to induct a second class of supersonic, long-range tactical cruise missiles, propelled by a liquid-fuelled booster capable of Hitting targets over 500km away.

• The missile featured an indigenous booster and air-frame section along with many other ‘Made in India’ sub-systems.

• The missile was tested for the second time.

• The missile cruised at a top speed of Mach 2.8 (nearly three times the speed of sound).

• The configuration of the existing missile – the world’s fastest supersonic cruise missile —has been tweaked to enhance its range.

 •According to experts, the next class of Indian cruise missiles will be based on solid-fuelled ducted ramjet (SFDR) technology, which can be used for air-to-air missiles as well as long-range supersonic cruise missiles. The technology has been tested by the DRDO twice — on May 30,2018, and February 8, 2019.

Significance of the Test:

• The significance of the BrahMos test from a mobile launcher was that the cruise missile reached 75% indigenisation with India now having the capability to design the airframe as well as an indigenous liquid-fuelled booster.

• BrahMos missiles are already deployed in the Ladakh theatre along with a limited number of 1,000km range Nirbhay subsonic cruise missiles to counter the missiles and rockets deployed by the Chinese army in Tibet and Xinjiang.

• The two armies are locked in a tense standoff in the Ladakh sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

• The successful launch has paved the way for the serial production of the indigenous booster and other indigenous components of the Powerful Weapon System.

BrahMos Missile:

• The missile is an Indo-Russian joint venture.

• The first supersonic cruise missile system known to be in service.

• The BrahMos is a multi-stage missile having a solid propellant in the first stage and the ramjet liquid propellant in the second stage.

• It has land, air and naval variants.

• The missile is capable of carrying a conventional as well as nuclear warhead of 300 kilograms.

• It operates on ‘Fire and Forget Principle’ by adopting varieties of flights on its way to the target.

 • It approaches the enemy target with a top speed of Mach 2.8, which is about three times faster than the US subsonic Tomahawk Cruise Missile System.

• The missile derives its name from the names of two rivers, namely the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.

• India is also working on a hypersonic missile, BrahMos-II (K), capable of taking out hardened targets such as underground bunkers and weapon storage facilities at seven times the speed of sound (Mach 7) or 8,575 kmph.

Methane is responsible for a quarter of global warming occurred since the 1850s. Resarch .

Raising livestock, increase in coal mining, landfills, and oil and gas production were the specific activities linked to the greatest increases, according Global Carbon Project.

• Wetlands contributed the most of the emissions, at 30 per cent, while oil, gas and coal activities accounted for 20 per cent of the emissions. Agriculture made up 24 per cent of the emissions, while landfills were responsible for 11 per cent.

• Tropical regions in three continents Africa, Asia and South America were responsible for 64 per cent of the entire planet’s emissions, while temperate regions and the Arctic contributed to 32 per cent and four per cent respectively.

• Water-logged soil once it begins to thaw creates conditions ideal for methane production.

• Emissions increased nine per cent compared to the last decade.

• While methane emissions briefly stabilized between 2000 and 2006, concentrations of the gas in the atmosphere now exceed 1,875 parts per billion or about 2.5 times that from the 1850s.

Global Carbon Project:

• The GCP is a Global Research Project of Future Earth and a research partner of the World Climate Research Programme.

 • Established in 2001, its projects include global budgets for three dominant greenhouse gases CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide and complementary efforts in urban, regional, cumulative, and Negative Emissions.

• The main object of the group has been to fully understand the carbon cycle.

• It collaborates with many groups to gather, analyze, and publish data on greenhouse gas emissions in an open and transparent fashion, making datasets available on its website and through its Publications.

• It releases the Global Carbon Atlas (established in 2013) a tool for visualising data related to the Global Carbon Cycle.

Joshua Cheptegei sets 10000m world record.

Ugandan Joshua Cheptegei smashed the men’s 10,000m world record on Wednesday at the Valencia World Record Day, crossing the line in a stunning 26 minutes 11.02 seconds to take six seconds off a 15-year-old record.

Cheptegei, 24, broke the previous mark of 26:17:53, set by Ethiopian Kenenisa Bekele, at a special event in a near-empty Turia stadium here as only 400 people including sponsors, journalists and staff were allowed in.

Focus on UPSC Mains:

Eco Disaster Unfolding on Kamchatka Beach.

According to a report, an ‘Ecological Disaster’ of sorts is unfolding on a black volcanic beach of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East.

What is the Matter?

• Three weeks ago, surfers on the Khalaktyrsky beach outside Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the largest town in Kamchatka, had reported of burning eyes, throat ache, headache, fever and a fear of losing eyesight on emerging from the water.

 • Then, sea animals begin to die in large numbers, their bodies littering the beach.

• These included octopuses, seals, sea urchins, stars, crabs and fish.

• Examination of the sea water by the administration has shown that levels of phenols and oil compounds have spiked.

• The river displayed a yellow colour.

• There is a training camp of the Russian military upstream. Another theory being speculated is that ships carrying oil in the vicinity had leaked it into the sea water.

• Kamchatka is a UNESCO world heritage site.

Temperatures in Antarctic Peninsula Highest in 30 years:

• Temperatures in 2020 on the Antarctic Peninsula, the northernmost tip of the Antarctic continent, have been the highest in nearly three decades, a study by researchers from the University of Santiago de Chile has found.

• Temperatures reached between two and three degrees Celsius on the peninsula between January and August, according to a report on science and environment website.

• That is “more than two degrees Celsius over typical values”, according to researchers.

• This was an alarming development since it could indicate that the ocean in the area was once again warming, According to Scientists.

• The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite has photographed the enormous amount of Andes mountain sediment deposited by the Amazon river into the Atlantic Ocean.

• Most of the sediment that the Amazon carried to the Atlantic came from three rivers flowing in the western part of the basin, namely the Maranon, the Ucayali and MamorĂ©.

 • Some 1.3 million tonnes of rock, soil and clay are deposited by the Amazon into the Atlantic every year.

Kamchatka Peninsula:

• Kamchatka is 900 miles long and it is closer to Alaska than it is to Moscow.

• Kamchatka contains the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the world, as well as freezing winters that are braved by nomadic reindeer herders.

• The volcanoes have been incorporated into an extensive UNESCO World Heritage Site that is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including brown bears, sea otters and sea eagles.

• This peninsula has over 150 volcanoes and 29 out of them are active.

• It has a group of 19 volcanoes known as Volcanoes of Kamchatka which is UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• It has many volcanoes, geysers, hot springs and even a lake of acid.

• The region’s extensive network of rivers and proximity to the Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean allows it to play host to the largest variety of salmonid species on earth, including the Sockeye Salmon.

Lokpal and Lokayukta.

The Justice Prafulla Kumar Misra has recently retired from the post of Goa Lokayukta and has highlighted the issues related to the state office and the proceedings.

About Lokpal and Lokayukta:

• Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013: It provides the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States.

 • The "India Against Corruption Movement" led by Anna Hazare put pressure on the then government at the Centre and resulted in the passing of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013, in both the Houses of Parliament.

• It received assent from the President on 1st January 2014 and came into force on 16th January 2014. The term Lokpal and Lokayukta were coined by Dr L. M. Singhvi.

• These institutions are statutory bodies without any constitutional status. They perform the function of an "ombudsman” and inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for related matters.

About Goa Lokayukta Act:

• Before the enactment of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 itself, many states had already set up the institution of Lokayuktas.

• It was sent to the Central government in 2003 and passed in the Assembly only in October 2011, after it was reintroduced.

• It is modelled upon Karnataka and Kerala’s Lokayukta Acts but with less strict provisions.

• It is intended to remove grievances of individual(s) against maladministration of government officials.

• A complaint under this Act can be filed either on the basis of an allegation or on the basis of the Grievance.

• During his tenure, the office of the Lokayukta received 191 cases, 133 of which were disposed of. Among the 58 pending cases are 21 in which he sent reports to the government, but the state government has not acted and Action Taken Reports are still awaited.

• His recommendations included initiation of disciplinary action, transfer, probe into mishandled funds, misuse of powers of ministers and bureaucrats, detailed investigation by the Anti- Corruption Bureau or a declaration that an elected functionary is unfit to hold office.

 Highlights:

• Officials stalled preliminary enquiry by avoiding registering an FIR and hence many cases went to Lokayukta because of that.

• He referred to the Supreme Court’s Lalita Kumari versus Government of Uttar Pradesh judgment (2013) where the court has clearly said that whenever anyone comes to the police station and makes a complaint of a cognisable offence the police officer is bound to register an FIR, under the Section 154 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).

• His reports were indicative of the lack of governance, irrespective of any party of power of the day and highlighted bureaucratic apathy and apathy of politicians.

• The state act does not have the powers of the prosecution that the Karnataka and Kerala Acts have, nor does it have a provision for contempt of the Lokayukta’s orders.

• Lokayukta has an investigation wing in which police officers are supposed to be deputed however, it lacked an adequate number of qualified personnel.

Suggestions:

• Power of Prosecution:Under Section 17 of the Goa Lokayukta Act, the power to prosecute should be given to the Lokayukta.

• It is there in Karnataka and Kerala acts but not present in Goa Act, where it is under ‘initiation of Prosecution’ and says that if the Lokayukta notices that an offence has been committed, then (s)he may pass an order and the appropriate authority “shall” initiate prosecution against the public functionary.

• The initiation of prosecution should not be left to the discretion and the “shall” here means that the opinion of the Lokayukta is mandatory to be followed.

• About Power to Punish on Contempt: While making the rules, the Act should have been included with the power to punish on contempt of the orders of Lokayukta, which is still not available under the rules of the Act.

 • Increased Commitment: The Act requires a retired Chief Justice or a retired Supreme Court judge to be appointed as the Lokayukta. It means, whoever comes and joins would have taken the oath twice and joining the Lokayukta office will be the third oath, tripling the commitment.

• He must be true to the oath and continue to be committed to discharging the duty without fear or favour, affection or ill will.

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