Friday, September 11, 2020

Comprehensive Current affairs 11 September 2020

 Puducherry CM’s parliamentary secretary slaps contempt of court notice against Kiran Bedi, others.

Puducherry chief minister's parliamentary secretary, K Lakshminarayanan, has issued contempt of court notices against lieutenant governor Kiran Bedi and five others, accusing them of disobeying the Madras high court's order on the roles, duties and functions of a lieutenant governor and an elected government in the Union territory.

He stated that Bedi and others have not been taking the aid and advice of the chief minister or minister concerned or the cabinet in the appointment of secretaries, excise commissioner and deputy commissioner.

He targeted Bedi of stalling the elected government's welfare and development schemes by referring them to the President of India for approval, interfering in the day-to-day functioning of the elected government during the Covid-19 pandemic, stalling magisterial inquiry into the violation of human rights while arresting a tahsildar, directly receiving reports from the police department on the illegal sale of liquor during the lockdown period and issuing a show-cause notice to an official for not responding in her WhatsApp group posts among others.

Listing out 30 acts of disobedience, Lakshminarayanan urged Bedi to cease from 'further violating judgement' of Madras high court. He demanded that Bedi and others 'take corrective actions, as per the decision of the chief minister, undo the violations and set the records right'.

In March last year, the Madurai Bench of the Madras high court declared that lieutenant governors do not have any powers to interfere in the everyday functioning of an elected government in Union territory. The Union government and Bedi appealed against the order before a Madras high court bench headed by the chief justice. In March, the bench set aside the Madurai bench order and directed the lieutenant governor to work in unison with the elected government.

NSO report finds inadequate vaccination to 40% of children.

Although almost all children in India are vaccinated against tuberculosis, and receive their birth dose of polio vaccine, two out of five children do not complete their immunisation programme, according to the ‘Health in India’ report recently published by the National Statistical Organisation (NSO).

Most of these children remain unprotected against measles, and partially protected against a range of other diseases.

In the national capital, less than half of all children have been given all eight required vaccines.The report is based on the 75th round of the National Sample Survey (July 2017-June 2018) on household social consumption related to health.

Across the country, only 59.2% of children under five years are fully immunised, according to the NSO report. This contradicts the Centre’s Health Management Information System portal data, which claimed that full immunisation coverage for 2017-18 stood at 86.7%.

 About 97% of children across the country received at least one vaccination — mostly BCG and/or the first dose of OPV at birth — a statistic that remains steady across income groups and geographies. However, only 67% of children are protected against measles.

Among States, Manipur (75%), Andhra Pradesh (73.6%) and Mizoram (73.4%) recorded the highest rates of full immunisation. At the other end of the spectrum lies Nagaland, where only 12% of children received all vaccinations, followed by Puducherry (34%) and Tripura (39.6%).

Apex court directed GOI to make up for loss of green cover in Char Dham project.

Indian Supreme Court ordered the Union to adhere to a Road Ministry circular of March 2018, which had advised against building full-fledged roads cutting across the fragile Himalayan slopes, while implementing the ₹12,000-crore ambitious Char Dham project for better connectivity to pilgrimage centres in Uttarakhand.

The project had proposed the widening of single-lane roads into double-lanes by up to 10 metres, developing the highways and thereby improving access to the Char Dham (four shrines) — Yamunotri, Gangotri, Badrinath and KedarNath.

Environmentalist groups, led by the Dehradun-based Citizens for Green Doon, had moved the apex court after they failed in the National Green Tribunal (NGT).

The petitioners had contended that the project was proceeding without environmental clearances and the debris was being disposed haphazardly. Earlier, the NGT had found no need for an environmental clearance.

Bangladesh asks facebook to abide by its rules and regulations.

The Government of Bangladesh has asked Facebook to abide by the rules and regulations of the country in matters relating to both revenue and content.

 n a virtual meeting with Facebook officials at its regional Headquarters in Singapore on Monday, Posts and Telecommunications Minister Mustafa Jabbar asked Facebook to comply with all the relevant laws and regulations of Bangladesh including the Digital Security Act.

The Minister also asked the company to appoint resellers and representatives to pay taxes to the government for its operations in Bangladesh.

Mustafa Jabbar reminded Facebook that it has the responsibility not to allow content that is against the socio-cultural values of Bangladesh or promotes communal disharmony, pornography, rumour or terrorist activities in the country.

Facebook officials assured the government that they will comply with the relevant rules and regulations of the country. It informed that it has appointed a Bangladeshi person Sabnaj Rashid Dia as Bangladesh Affairs Officer of Facebook in the country for speedy resolution of issues.

Srilanka reports diesel patch behind burning bunker.

The Sri Lankan Navy on Tuesday reported a ‘diesel patch’ behind oil tanker MT New Diamond, which recently went ablaze drifting off Sri Lanka’s south eastern coast.

Form the time the large vessel carrying 2,70,000 tonnes of crude oil — from Kuwait to Odisha — went up in flames on Thursday, the Indian Navy and the Coast Guard personnel, along with the Sri Lankan Navy, have been fire-fighting to douse the flames. “The flames are under control,” Captain de Silva told The Hindu.

India on Tuesday sent fresh supplies of chemicals to help battle a new blaze spotted on Monday night, a press statement from the Indian Coast Guard said.

According to the Sri Lankan Navy, the fire-fighting teams have, over the past few days, continued to spray a large volume of sea water to extinguish the fire onboard.As a result, the engine room of the ship was flooded with sea water, making it lying in a position called ‘trim by aft’.

 CARE ratings moots rural spending to overtake urban in mid term.

Higher demand across rural India which is being seen as the only silver lining for economic growth over the next two-three quarters, has led packaged consumer goods companies to accelerate spends on hinterlands, with rural spending on distribution outreach, consumer promotions and products overtaking that of urban spends this year.

“Favourable monsoon, record kharif crop sowing and high reservoir levels would spur rural incomes that could push up demand at the onset of the festive quarter; this would be a silver lining for economic growth as other sectors have seen more adverse impact of the pandemic,” CARE said.

The report said the agriculture sector contributes nearly 15% of India’s GDP, and that the economy is banking on the farm sector to grow by 3.5-4% across all quarters to prop up GDP growth.

Companies are also pinning hopes on the rural bounce back fuelled by higher farm incomes, good monsoons, government stimulus and reduced impact of lockdowns, because macro indicators of overall economic revival in the immediate term remain challenging.

India’s gross domestic product (GDP) has contracted by a massive 23.9% in the first quarter of current fiscal. Fitch said India recorded one of the sharpest GDP contractions in the world in the April-June quarter.

PSU’S to join ISA coalition on sustainable action climate.

Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister DharmendraPradahan today said that five Public Sector Undertakings under his Ministry will be joining International Solar Alliance (ISA) Coalition for Sustainable Climate Action (ISA-CSCA) as Corporate Partners.

He said, Indian Oil and Gas companies are actively taking part in this clean energy transition. He said, in order to reduce carbon footprint, these companies will be focusing more on green energy investments such as renewables and biofuels.

He said, the government is also actively encouraging industry as well as Oil and Gas companies to become participants in this solar transition. On the achievements made in the sector so far, the

 

Minister said that our oil and gas companies are also making efforts to deploy solar panels across the value chain of their operations, and current installed solar power capacity is 270 Mega Watt.

China successfully launches experimental reusable spacecraft.

An experimental reusable spacecraft launched into orbit two days ago by China has successfully returned to a designated site on Sunday, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.

The successful experiment marks an important breakthrough in China's technology to reuse spacecraft, which would provide the country more convenient and cheaper space round-trips for it to use the space in a peaceful way, Xinhua said.

Three years ago, China said it would launch a spacecraft in 2020 that can fly like an aircraft and would be reusable, increasing the frequency of launches and lowering mission costs.

It is not known if the experimental spacecraft launched by China was a fixed-wing craft like the U.S. Space Shuttle. If it was similar to the X-37B, it would be about a fifth of the Space Shuttle in size.

Focus for mains.

Guidelines for Parole and Furlough

Prelims Syllabus: Institutional Reforms

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has recently revised the Model Prison Manual,2016 guidelines related to parole and furlough.

Highlights:

• It has asked states to not release prisoners, on parole and furlough, who are considered a threat to the security of the state or to individuals.

• Imprisonment besides being a mode of punishment also aims at protecting the society from criminal activities, therefore release on parole is not an absolute right but a concession.

 • A balance is, therefore, considered essential between ensuring the rights of inmates and protecting the society from further harm.

• The parole rules of states to be reviewed about the benefits and detriments of such parole.

The Parole and furlough may not be granted as a matter of routine and may be decided by a committee of officers and behavioural experts, especially for inmates sentenced for sexual offences and serious crimes such as murder, child abduction, violence etc.

• Inclusion of an expert psychologist/ criminologist/correctional administration expert as a member of the sentence review board and in the committee which decides grant of parole and furlough to inmates and obtain their opinion before such temporary release.

About Parole:

• It is a system of releasing a prisoner with suspension of the sentence. The release is conditional, usually subject to behaviour, and requires periodic reporting to the authorities for a set period of time.

• It is not a right, and is given to a prisoner for a specific reason, such as a death in the family or a wedding of a blood relative.

• It may be denied to a prisoner even when he makes out a sufficient case, if the competent authority is satisfied that releasing the convict would not be in the Interest of Society.

About Furlough:

• It is similar to parole, but with some significant differences. It is given in cases of long-term imprisonment. The period of furlough granted to a prisoner is treated as remission of his sentence.

• Unlike parole, it is seen as a matter of right for a prisoner, to be granted periodically irrespective of any reason, and merely to enable the prisoner to retain family and social ties, and to counter the ill-effects of prolonged time spent in prison.

 • Both parole and furlough are considered as reformative processes. These provisions were introduced with a view to humanising the prison system.

• Parole and furlough are covered under the Prisons Act of 1894.

Background:

• In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, states are under pressure to release prisoners in order to avoid overcrowding in prisons. Earlier, the Supreme Court of India has also passed orders on measures taken to decongest prisons, correction homes and detention centres due to the Covid-19 outbreak.

• Prison is a state subject and all states have their own rules for parole, furlough, remission and premature release based on good conduct of the prisoners.

• The MHA guidelines came in the backdrop of reports of several prisoners being released on parole and furlough and some of them committing crimes out of jail.

Way Ahead:

• It is Important for state authorities to review their guidelines to ensure that the facility and concession given to inmates, by way of parole, furlough and premature release etc. with the intention of providing them relief and rehabilitation, is not abused and misused by them and their Advantage does not turn into Disadvantage and nuisance for the Society at large.

State of the Young Child in India report.

The State of the Young Child in India report has recently been released by Mobile Creches, a non-governmental organisation (NGO).

• The Young Child Outcomes Index (YCOI) and the Young Child Environment Index (YCEI) are parts of the report. Mobile Creches works in the field of early childhood care and development by ensuring creche services at construction sites and slum settlements across

Several cities.

 About Young Child Environment Index:

• It helps to understand the policy and environment enablers that influence a child’s well-being. It uses five policy enablers that influence child well-being outcomes, including poverty alleviation, strengthening primary health care, improving education levels, safe water supply and promotion of gender equity.

• It was constructed for 2015–2016 only due to limitations of data availability.

• Kerala, Goa, Sikkim, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh have secured the top five positions.

• The eight states with a below-average score on the YCOI have also performed poorly on this One.

Abut Young Child Outcomes Index:

• It measures health, nutrition and cognitive growth of children in the 0-6 years age group with the help of indicators such as infant mortality rate, stunting and net attendance at the primary school level.

• It has been constructed for 2005-2006 and 2015-2016 to enable inter-state comparisons as well as provide an idea of Change over time.

• Kerala, Goa, Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Mizoram are among the top five states for the well-being of children.

• Assam, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have scores below the Country’s Average.

Highlights:

• India spent Rs. 1,723 per child in 2018–2019 towards child nutrition, healthcare, education and other necessary protection services which is insufficient and fails to reach the entire eligible population.

 • It highlights that the budgetary allocation for the Ministry of Women and Child Development has increased on a yearly basis however all the additional funds have been allocated towards nutrition delivery under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).

• While the population of children under six years of age is 158.8 million, the ICDS covers only 71.9 million children as calculated from the total number of beneficiaries across states.

• Out of the 159 million children aged below 6 years in India, 21% are undernourished, 36% are underweight and 38% do not receive full immunization.

• The report calls for an increase in public spending on children.

Way Ahead:

• For a country, poor early childhood development could mean economic loss. The importance of this aspect of national development needs to be understood and effective steps should be taken to ensure that all children have a healthy start to their lives.

• The Government of India has introduced several comprehensive policies and flagship programmes like the ICDS and the National Nutrition Mission (Poshan Abhiyan) for early childhood development in the country but the need of the hour is to implement them effectively through proper coordination among various ministries.

• The recently unveiled National Educational Policy, 2020 among other schemes and programmes like Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY), National Nutrition policy 1993, etc. towards ensuring early childhood care and comprehensive education has to be implemented properly to ensure universal access to high-quality early childhood care and education across the country in a phased manner.

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